Burning Eyes

There are many causes of burning eyes.  Dry eyes, eyestrain, smoke, allergies to pollen or a viral infection such as a cold or the flu can cause eyes to itch, burn, water and redden.

Dry eyes is a condition in which the eyes don't make enough tears to adequately lubricate them. Symptoms include stinging or burning eyes, scratchiness, too much tearing, a feeling that there is something in the eye and problems wearing contact lenses.

Chronic dry or burning eyes can be caused by age; diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, scleroderma and Sjogren's syndrome; heating or air conditioning systems; and medications such as diuretics, antihistamines and decongestants.

Unprotected eyes can also be burned by the ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun, tanning lamps or arc welding equipment. Like sunburns to the skin, you won't feel pain until hours later, when the eyes and the area around them swell. Near-UV rays can damage your retina. The risk of sunburn to the eyes is very high when sunlight is reflected off water, sand or snow.

Substances such as paint thinner, dishwashing detergent, lye, toilet cleaner, drain cleaner and gasoline can chemically burn the eyes. Chemical burns are painful medical emergencies that can result in decreased vision.

Hormone therapy may cause dry eyes.

What to Do

Many causes of eye burning and irritation can be prevented. Don't rub your eyes, which may introduce bacteria and cause infection or irritation. Take breaks from long periods of close work -- such as crafts, reading or computer work -- to avoid eyestrain. Blink frequently when doing close work and throughout the day. Work in adequate lighting. Wear sunglasses with UV protection and blue-blocking capability when you're in the sun; sunglasses also help on windy days. Wear protective glasses or goggles when working with caustic chemicals. Avoid exposing your eyes to air from hair dryers, car heaters, air conditioners or fans. Wear goggles while swimming. Don't let the humidity in your home fall below 30 percent. Use a humidifier in winter if needed.

Self-Care Steps for Burning Eyes

To put eyedrops in the eye, pull down the lower lid and look up

• If your eyes burn and water, try to trace the source of irritation, then avoid it. Smoke, cosmetics and chemical fumes are some possibilities. Nonprescription eye drops other than artificial tears can also cause irritation.

• Apply a cool compress to sunburned eyes. Stay out of the sun until swelling is gone.

• If you wear contact lenses, remove them until the irritation goes away.

• Use over-the-counter lubrication drops (artificial tears) two to three times a day for comfort.